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Lefke / Osmaneli Memory

Archaeological Catalogue

The 92 inscriptions catalogued around Osmaneli/Lefke: milestones, dedications, graves, boundary stones and Christian epigraphic evidence.

Stones speak;
places hold memory.

Archaeological Distribution

Based on Öztürk’s 2021 epigraphic catalogue of Osmaneli/Lefke.
Important: This catalogue is not an ethnic population list. It charts the distribution of epigraphic evidence, including graves, dedications, milestones, boundary inscriptions, monograms and building inscriptions.
Adliye

1 grave

Ağlan

5 graves

Balçıkhisar / Datamanē

1 honorific inscription, 1 dedication, 2 graves

Bereket

1 grave

Borcak

2 graves

Ciciler

3 graves

Çerkeşli

1 boundary inscription, 1 grave

Çiftlikköy / Psallea

2 graves, 1 vessel inscription

Dereyörük

1 dedication

Düzmeşe / Mansio Mido

3+ milestones/road records, grave and stonemasons’ marks

Gaziler

1 boundary inscription, 1 grave

Günüören / Attalēnē

5 dedications, 3 graves

Hisarcık

2 dedications, 1 grave, 1 abbreviation

Kızılöz

12 graves

Medetli

6 milestones, 1 grave

Town centre / Leukai

2 dedications, 4 graves

Sarıyazı

3 dedications, 2 graves, 1 church inscription, 1 fragment

Selçik

1 milestone, a monogram of Maurice, a grave, a fragment and Nikola’s benefaction

Selimiye

1 dedication to Zeus Agathios

Soğucakpınar / Eikralenōn

3 dedications, 5 graves

Findspot unknown

2 graves

Complete Catalogue of 92 Inscriptions

Headings and place names follow the book’s contents and catalogue structure.
No.Findspot / SettlementCatalogue Heading
1Adliye VillageTomb of Aleksandros (?)
2Ağlan VillageTomb of Marcus Aurelius Longus, His Wife Preilis and Their Sons
3Ağlan VillageTomb of Diokles and His Wife Rufina
4Ağlan VillageTomb of Khrestos
5Ağlan VillageTomb of Platon
6Ağlan VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person
7Balçıkhisar Village [Datamanē Kōmē]Dedication to Zeus Bronton by Datamanē Kōmē
8Balçıkhisar Village [Datamanē Kōmē]Honours for Andron
9Balçıkhisar Village [Datamanē Kōmē]Tomb of Aristei--- (?)
10Balçıkhisar Village [Datamanē Kōmē]Tomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
11Bereket VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
12Borcak VillageTomb of Iulianus and His Siblings
13Borcak VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
14Ciciler VillageTomb of Aleksandros and His Wife Licinnia
15Ciciler VillageTomb of Menophilos and His Wife Khreste (Corrigendum et addendum)
16Ciciler VillageTomb of Aurelius Dionysios and His Family
17Çerkeşli Village [Kasianoi or Kabaloi settlement]Boundary Inscription between Kasianoi and Kabaloi
18Çerkeşli Village [Kasianoi or Kabaloi settlement]Tomb of Sanas and an Unspecified Person or Persons
19Çiftlikköy [Psallea]Tomb of Aristainetos
20Çiftlikköy [Psallea]Tomb of Theodote
21Çiftlikköy [Psallea]Inscription on a Vessel
22Dereyörük VillageDedication to Apollo Gorzaios
23Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Inscription Belonging to an Unnamed Emperor
24Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Milestone Dated to the Reigns of Vespasian, Titus and Domitian
25Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Milestone Dated to the Reigns of Fl. Valentinian, Fl. Valens and Fl. Gratian
26Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Milestone Dated to the Reigns of Fl. Valentinian and Fl. Theodosius, and of Arcadius and Theodosius II
27Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Tomb of Philotheos and His Wife
28Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Stonemason’s Mark
29Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Stonemason’s Mark
30Düzmeşe Village [Mansio Mido/Moedo Orientis]Unknown
31Gaziler VillageBoundary Inscription between Psallea and Attalitia
32Gaziler VillageTomb of Eros
33Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Dedications to Zeus Agathios by the People of Attalēnē Kōmē (Corrigendum)
34Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Dedication to Zeus Agathios
35Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Dedication to Zeus Agathios (Addendum)
36Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Dedication to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Tutor (Zeus Kratistos Megistos Phrontistes)
37Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Dedication to Fortuna Regina
38Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Tomb of Dada
39Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Tomb of Sousas and an Unspecified Person or Persons
40Günüören Village [Attalēnē Kōmē]Tomb of Philologos and His Family
41Hisarcık VillageDedication to Zeus Basilikos
42Hisarcık VillageDedication to Zeus Bronton (?)
43Hisarcık VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person
44Hisarcık VillageAbbreviation Belonging to an Unnamed Person or Settlement (?)
45Kızılöz VillageTomb of Arkesilaos, His Wife and His Brother
46Kızılöz VillageTomb of an Unnamed Father and Asklepiodote
47Kızılöz VillageTomb of Diophanes and Prusis
48Kızılöz VillageTomb of Eutykhias and Khrysion
49Kızılöz VillageTomb of Hieron and Moskhion
50Kızılöz VillageTomb of Khrysa
51Kızılöz VillageTomb of Koiranos and Secunda
52Kızılöz VillageTomb of Numerius and Spedius (?)
53Kızılöz VillageTomb of Raphael
54Kızılöz VillageTomb of Sousas
55Kızılöz VillageTomb of Trophime
56Kızılöz VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
57Medetli VillageMilestone Dated to the Reign of Trajan
58Medetli VillageMilestone Dated to the Reign of Caracalla
59Medetli VillageMilestone Dated to the Reigns of Macrinus and Diadumenian
60Medetli VillageMilestone Dated to the Tetrarchs and Marcellus
61Medetli VillageMilestone Dated to the Reigns of Constantine II, Constantius and Constans
62Medetli VillageUndated Milestone
63Medetli VillageTomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
64Town centre [Leukai]Dedication to Asklepios
65Town centre [Leukai]Dedication to Zeus Agathios
66Town centre [Leukai]Tomb of Khrestos and Pasa/Pase (?)
67Town centre [Leukai]Tomb of Eubolos’s Wife
68Town centre [Leukai]Tomb of Demetrios the Father and Demetrios the Son
69Town centre [Leukai]Tomb of Iulia
70Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Dedication to Zeus eks Aules or Eksaios
71Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Dedication to Zeus
72Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Dedication to an Unnamed God
73Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Tomb of Eraton and Eupator
74Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Tomb of Sosibios
75Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Church Inscription
76Sarıyazı Village [-ezeos(?)]Fragment
77Selçik VillageUndated Milestone
78Selçik VillageMonogram of Emperor Maurice
79Selçik VillageTomb of Rufus (?)
80Selçik VillageInscription Fragment
81Selçik VillageBenefaction of Nikola the Stonemason
82Selimiye VillageDedication to Zeus Agathios
83Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Dedication to the Community’s Zeus Patrikos
84Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Dedication to Zeus Sabazios and Men aidios
85Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Dedication to Zeus Pantokrator
86Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Tomb of Apphe
87Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Tomb of Aurelius Diophanes and His Family
88Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Tomb of Khrestos
89Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Tomb of Maximus and His Family
90Soğucakpınar Village [Eikralenōn Kōmē]Tomb of an Unnamed Person or Persons
91UnknownTomb of Marcus Cominios Macer and His Family
92UnknownTomb of Hieron

Illustration Plates from the Nikaia Book

All plates in the book’s Figures section, with the relevant inscriptions and settlements.
Image source: Hüseyin Sami Öztürk, Nikaia Egemenlik Alanı Epigrafik-Tarihi, Coğrafya Araştırmaları I: Osmaneli/Lefke (Bilecik) [Epigraphic and Historical-Geographical Studies of Nikaia’s Territory, I: Osmaneli/Lefke], 2021. The images were included in the research draft to show their relationship to the source. Reproduction permissions must be checked separately before public publication.
Fig. 1, 2, 3 — Adliye, Ağlan
Fig. 1, 2, 3 — Adliye, Ağlan Click to enlarge.
Fig. 4, 6, 5 — Ağlan
Fig. 4, 6, 5 — Ağlan Click to enlarge.
Fig. 7, 8, 9 — Balçıkhisar / Datamanē
Fig. 7, 8, 9 — Balçıkhisar / Datamanē Click to enlarge.
Fig. 10, 11 — Balçıkhisar / Datamanē, Bereket
Fig. 10, 11 — Balçıkhisar / Datamanē, Bereket Click to enlarge.
Fig. 12, 13 — Borcak
Fig. 12, 13 — Borcak Click to enlarge.
Fig. 14, 15, 16 — Ciciler
Fig. 14, 15, 16 — Ciciler Click to enlarge.
Fig. 17, 18 — Çerkeşli
Fig. 17, 18 — Çerkeşli Click to enlarge.
Fig. 19, 20 — Çiftlikköy / Psallea
Fig. 19, 20 — Çiftlikköy / Psallea Click to enlarge.
Fig. 21, 22, 23 — Çiftlikköy / Psallea, Dereyörük, Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis
Fig. 21, 22, 23 — Çiftlikköy / Psallea, Dereyörük, Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis Click to enlarge.
Fig. 24, 25, 26, 27 — Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis
Fig. 24, 25, 26, 27 — Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis Click to enlarge.
Fig. 28, 29, 30 — Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis
Fig. 28, 29, 30 — Düzmeşe / Mido-Moedo Orientis Click to enlarge.
Fig. 31, 32, 33 — Gaziler, Günüören / Attalēnē
Fig. 31, 32, 33 — Gaziler, Günüören / Attalēnē Click to enlarge.
Fig. 34, 35, 36, 37 — Günüören / Attalēnē
Fig. 34, 35, 36, 37 — Günüören / Attalēnē Click to enlarge.
Fig. 38, 39, 40 — Günüören / Attalēnē
Fig. 38, 39, 40 — Günüören / Attalēnē Click to enlarge.
Fig. 41, 42, 43 — Hisarcık
Fig. 41, 42, 43 — Hisarcık Click to enlarge.
Fig. 44, 45, 46, 47 — Hisarcık, Kızılöz
Fig. 44, 45, 46, 47 — Hisarcık, Kızılöz Click to enlarge.
Fig. 48, 49, 50 — Kızılöz
Fig. 48, 49, 50 — Kızılöz Click to enlarge.
Fig. 51, 52 — Kızılöz
Fig. 51, 52 — Kızılöz Click to enlarge.
Fig. 53, 54 — Kızılöz
Fig. 53, 54 — Kızılöz Click to enlarge.
Fig. 55, 56, 57 — Kızılöz, Medetli
Fig. 55, 56, 57 — Kızılöz, Medetli Click to enlarge.
Fig. 58, 59 — Medetli
Fig. 58, 59 — Medetli Click to enlarge.
Fig. 60, 61 — Medetli
Fig. 60, 61 — Medetli Click to enlarge.
Fig. 62, 64, 65, 66, 63 — Medetli, Town centre / Leukai
Fig. 62, 64, 65, 66, 63 — Medetli, Town centre / Leukai Click to enlarge.
Fig. 67, 68 — Town centre / Leukai
Fig. 67, 68 — Town centre / Leukai Click to enlarge.
Fig. 69, 70 — Town centre / Leukai, Sarıyazı
Fig. 69, 70 — Town centre / Leukai, Sarıyazı Click to enlarge.
Fig. 71, 72 — Sarıyazı
Fig. 71, 72 — Sarıyazı Click to enlarge.
Fig. 73, 75, 74 — Sarıyazı
Fig. 73, 75, 74 — Sarıyazı Click to enlarge.
Fig. 76, 77, 78, 79 — Sarıyazı, Selçik
Fig. 76, 77, 78, 79 — Sarıyazı, Selçik Click to enlarge.
Fig. 80, 81 — Selçik
Fig. 80, 81 — Selçik Click to enlarge.
Fig. 82, 83, 85, 86, 84 — Selimiye, Soğucakpınar / Eikralenōn
Fig. 82, 83, 85, 86, 84 — Selimiye, Soğucakpınar / Eikralenōn Click to enlarge.
Fig. 87, 88, 89, 90 — Soğucakpınar / Eikralenōn
Fig. 87, 88, 89, 90 — Soğucakpınar / Eikralenōn Click to enlarge.

Selected Archaeological Evidence

Town centre / Leukai

No. 64, a dedication to Asklepios; No. 65, a dedication to Zeus Agathios; and the tombs of Khrestos–Pasa, Eubolos’s wife, the two Demetrios and Iulia are linked directly to central Osmaneli.

Medetli Road Corridor

Milestones from the reigns of Trajan, Caracalla, Macrinus–Diadumenian, the Tetrarchs and Constantine’s sons show that the road was maintained for centuries.

Traces of Christianisation

The Sarıyazı church inscription, Maurice’s monogram at Selçik and Nikola the Stonemason’s benefaction are material traces of the transition from the pagan Roman to the Christian Byzantine world.

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